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What
is Demographic Transition?
"Demographic
transition" is a model that describes
population change over time. It defines
four clear stages of population growth that
nations often traverse in tandem with their
socio-economic development.
Stage 1:
Typically seen in less developed countries
where birth rates are high but a large number
of people die of preventable causes leading
to a stable population.
Stage 2:
Death rates fall steeply as deaths from
preventable causes are reduced by better
food supply and improved public health,
but birth rates remain high due to high
fertility, poor social development and limited
access to health and contraceptive services.
This often leads to a spurt in population.
Stage 3:
Birth rates fall but population continues
to grow because there are a large number
of people in the reproductive age group
due to the high fertility of the previous
generations.
Stage 4:
Countries achieve a stable population once
again with low birth and low death rates
but at a higher level of social and economic
development. Population is stable but higher
than in stage one.
This transition
from a stable population with high mortality
and high fertility to a stable population
with low mortality and low fertility is
called demographic transition. India is
currently at the third stage.
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